The project involved a detailed examination of the possible consequences of enlargement for cohesion in the current EU Member States and in the candidate countries to support the preparation of the Second Report on Economic and Social Cohesion in the EU. The study clarified the main channels through which enlargement will affect national, regional and social cohesion in Europe, identifying the main similarities and contrasts between (relevant groupings of) regions and regional developments in Western and Eastern Europe, and produced a picture of the possible consequences of enlargement for regional disparities and social cohesion, e.g. employment opportunities and unemployment risks