What is left of the place-based approach in the actual implementation of cohesion policy 2014-2020? With "place-based" one means not only an integrated and space-aware approach, but also a method whereby regional/national/European policy-makers trigger an open, heated and informed debate in a place, with the aim to destabilize existing under-development traps and trigger an endogenous change through innovation.Fabrizio Barca, General Director at the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance, and author of the Barca report on the place-based approach and the future of Cohesion policy in 2009, addressed this question with specific reference to the Italian Strategy for Inner Areas. He focused on territorialization of sectoral policies; the paternalistic centre; empowering and destabilizing majors; persons and not projects; and measurable outcomes.